Deviation

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The difference between a measurement (or quasi-measurement) and the stated value or intended level.

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Tolerance analysis
The calculation of the allowable deviation from a standard or nominal value that maintains fit, form, and function. Tolerance analysis provides a means to account for the natural variation of parts and fittings.
Average standard deviation
The arithmetic average of sample standard deviations.
Control chart, cumulative sum
A control chart plotting the cumulative sum of deviations of successive sample values used to detect shifts in the level of the measured characteristic.
Control chart, standard deviation
A variables control chart used to evaluate variation in subgroup standard deviations.
Control chart, trend
A control chart used to evaluate the process level with respect to the deviation of the sub-group averages from an expected change in the process level.