on Maintenance Reliability

See www.jsaprograms.com for innovation in hazard control.

Doing a job safely is no accident! Like all good outcomes safety is a result of good planning. As the Chinese philosopher Confucius said, “In all things success depends on previous preparation and without such preparation there is sure to be failure.” If you want safe work it needs to be planned as part of the job.

The other important fact about safety is that it is a personal responsibility. It is up to you to do the job safely. There is not a manager or supervisor in the world that wants to go to prison or be fined for a death or maiming because of his negligence. That means people in-charge want jobs done safely too. All they ask is that the safety procedures and practices used on the job be the least that are adequate while still meeting all the safety issues.  [Read more…]

Centrifugal Pump Life Extension – The Volute

What readers will learn from this article.

• Pump volute problems and fixes.
• Pump set-up and piping connection issues to get right.
• Process conditions that will cause problems.
• What to watch for with pump shaft designs.

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What readers will learn from this article.

• Basic theory of heat exchange across walls.
• Necessary properties of fluids to make heat exchangers work.
• Protecting and checking heat exchangers against corrosion.
• Issues with using shell and tube heat exchangers.
• Issues with using plate heat exchangers.

This article introduces readers to heat transfer in heat exchangers. It explains the concepts of temperature gradients across walls and parallel- current and counter-current flows. Both shell-and-tube and plate heat exchanges are discussed along with their common operational problems and remedies.

Shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers (HXCH’s) are recuperative type devices, meaning that flowing fluids exchange heat through a dividing wall. The exchange of heat occurs from the hotter liquid to the cooler one. The hotter liquid is at a higher energy level than the colder liquid and the energy flows from hot to cold in an attempt to reach a steady equilibrium state at an intermediate temperature. [Read more…]

What readers will learn from this article.

• Basic theory of reciprocating compressor operation.
• Introduction into work and power calculations for a compressor.
• Explanation of Free Air Deliver (FAD).
• Issues with using rotary screw compressors.
• Issues with using reciprocating compressors.

Compressed air is one of the most used service fluids in industry. This article introduces the basic design concepts of an air compressor and discusses some of the common problems and solutions found in both reciprocating (piston goes up and down) and rotary screw (twin, meshed, rotating, helix) air compressors. [Read more…]

What readers will learn from this article.

• Overview of how a programmable logic controller (PLC) operates.
• Communication methods used to connect the PLC to equipment.
• Dangerous practices that will lead to trouble if not corrected.

A process logic controller is a computer designed for monitoring and controlling equipment. The personal computer that many people have at home is designed to accept signals from the keyboard or mouse and use instructions (software) to display the resulting effects on a screen (monitor). A PLC accepts signals (inputs) from sensors located throughout a piece of equipment or process plant. It then follows the instructions (program) within its memory and sends out commands (output) to operate equipment. [Read more…]

Threaded connections on process chemicals and utilities piping can be difficult to seal. Leaks from threads in steam and compressed air service are common. This article looks at pipe thread design and the proper sealing of threads.  [Read more…]

Many explosions in the processing, manufacturing and bulk materials handling industries involve flammable gases or vapours and explosive dusts or fibres. Such chemicals are known as hazardous materials. This article provides a basic overview of the design requirements for hazardous areas.

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This article covers the operation of steam traps and how they work. Steam is a greatly used medium. Its use ranges from heating process and domestic fluids through to driving turbines by the expansion of the vapour. Yet the steam trap at the bottom of a drop leg is easily forgotten.  [Read more…]